MPAcc英语口语面试重要词汇
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Key Terms of Accounting inEnglish
These are the basic terms that arefrequently used in financial and managerial accounting. You must remember howto spell them and what they mean.
In the course of Accounting English, ourmajor goal is to learn those terms that will help us understand accountingmaterials in English.
In the bilingual course of ManagementAccounting, the understanding of those terms is critical for us to master majortheories and approaches of management accounting.
So get yourself prepared!
It is also smart of you to add in any otheraccounting words to the list whenever you find one that is new and useful.
Financialaccounting
Asset |
资产 |
Liability |
负债 |
Accounting equation |
会计等式 |
Owner’s equity |
所有者权益 |
Current asset |
流动资产 |
Current liability |
流动负债 |
Cash |
现金 |
Accounts payable |
应付账款 |
Trading securities |
交易性金融资产 |
Notes payable |
应付票据 |
Short-term investments |
短期投资 |
Salaries/wages payable |
应付职工薪酬 |
Accounts receivable |
应付账款 |
Interest payable |
应付利息 |
Allowance for bad debts |
坏账准备 |
Taxes payable |
应缴税费 |
Notes receivable |
应收票据 |
Unearned revenue |
预收账款 |
Inventory |
存货 |
Dividend payable |
应付股利 |
Supplies |
办公费用 |
Short-term loans |
短期借款 |
Prepaid expenses / prepayment |
待摊费用 |
Current portion of long-term liabilities |
长期负债中的流动部分 |
Fixed asset / plant asset |
固定资产 |
Long-term liability |
长期负债 |
Equipment and machinery |
机器设备 |
Bonds payable |
应付债券 |
Building and land |
土地和房屋 |
Long-term loan |
长期借款 |
Accumulated depreciation |
累计折旧 |
Capital/capital stock |
实收资本 |
Intangible asset |
无形资产 |
Common stock |
普通股 |
Goodwill |
商誉 |
Preferred stock |
优先股 |
Retained earnings |
留存收益 |
||
Accounting cycle |
会计周期 |
Source document |
会计凭证 |
Journal entry |
会计分录 |
account |
账户 |
Permanent account |
永久账户 |
Temporary account |
临时性帐户 |
General ledger |
总分类账 |
Subsidiary ledger |
明细分类账 |
Account balance |
帐户余额 |
journalize |
日记账 |
post |
过账 |
adjust |
核算 |
close |
结账 |
The trial balance |
试算(平衡)表 |
Financial statement |
财务报表 |
Balance sheet |
资产负债表 |
Income statement |
利润表 |
Cash flow statement |
现金流量表 |
Double-entry system |
复式记帐法 |
Income Summary |
本年利润 |
debit |
借方 |
credit |
赊购(制度) |
Contra account |
抵销科目 |
Adjunct account |
附加账户 |
GAAP |
一般公认会计原则 |
Business entity |
企业单位 |
Periodicity |
周期 |
Monetary unit |
货币单位 |
Accrual basis |
权责发生制 |
Going concern |
持续经营 |
Materiality |
实质性 |
Objectivity |
客观性 |
Substance over form |
实质重于形式 |
Reliability |
可靠性 |
Timeliness |
时间性 |
Relevance |
相关性 |
Comparability |
可比性 |
Conservatism |
稳健性 |
Matching principle |
相配原则 |
Understandability |
理解性 |
Historical cost |
历史成本 |
Book / carrying value |
账面价值 |
Present value |
现值 |
Fair value |
公允价值 |
Net realizable value |
可变现净值 |
Replacement value |
重置价值 |
Revenue |
主营业务成本 |
Cost of goods sold |
主营业务成本 |
Cash discount / trade discount |
现金折扣/商业折扣 |
Cost of goods produced / purchased |
生产成本/购货成本 |
Returns and allowances |
退货和折让 |
Cost of goods available for sale |
可供销售的商品成本 |
Direct material |
直接材料 |
Direct labor |
直接人工 |
Manufacturing overhead |
制造费用 |
Production cost |
生产成本 |
Beginning inventory |
期初存货 |
Ending inventory |
期末存货 |
Incidental cost |
附加成本 |
Freight cost |
运费 |
Administrative expenses |
管理费用 |
Selling expense |
销售费用 |
Period expense |
期间费用 |
Gross profit |
总利润 |
Net income/ net loss |
净收入/净损失 |
Gains and losses |
利益及损失 |
Straight-line depreciation |
直线法折旧 |
Accelerated depreciation |
加速折旧 |
Units-of-production method |
工作量法 |
Double-declining-balance method |
双倍余额递减法 |
Residual / salvage value |
剩余价值 |
Useful life |
使用年限 |
Amortization |
摊销 |
Depletion |
损耗 |
Direct write-off method |
直接冲销法 |
Allowance method |
备抵法 |
Bank reconciliation |
银行对账单 |
Internal control |
内部控制 |
Deposits in transit |
在途存款 |
Revenue expenditures |
收益性支出 |
Outstanding checks |
未兑现支票 |
Capital expenditures |
资本性支出 |
Cash equivalence |
现金等价物 |
Premium / discount on bonds payable |
贴现率 |
Cash over and short |
现金盈亏 |
Par value |
票面价值 |
Lower of cost or market |
成本与市价孰低 |
Credit terms |
信用条件 |
Perpetual inventory system |
永续盘存制 |
Periodic inventory system |
定期盘存法 |
FOB shipping point |
寄发地交货 |
FOB destination |
目的地交货 |
Managementaccounting
Work in process inventory |
在产品 |
Variable costing |
变动成本 |
Finished goods inventory |
产成品 |
Cost behavior |
成本性态 |
Prime costs |
主要成本 |
Relevant range |
相关范围 |
Conversion costs |
加工成本 |
Fixed cost |
固定成本 |
Incremental analysis |
差量分析 |
Variable cost |
变动成本 |
Incremental cost |
差量成本 |
CVP analysis(Cost-volume-proit) |
成本量分析 |
Relevant cost |
相关成本 |
Contribution margin |
贡献边际 |
Sunk cost |
沉没成本 |
Break-even point |
保本点 |
Opportunity cost |
机会成本 |
Economics of scale |
规模效应 |
Out-of-pocket cost |
付现成本 |
Margin of safety |
安全边际 |
Joint cost |
联合成本 |
Operating income |
营业利润 |
Joint products |
联产品 |
Split-off point |
分离点 |
Responsibility accounting |
权责发生制 |
Responsibility centre |
责任中心 |
Responsibility margin |
责任毛益 |
Performance margin |
履约保证金 |
Traceable fixed cost |
可追溯固定成本 |
Controllable fixed cost |
可控制固定成本 |
Common fixed cost |
共同固定成本 |
Committed fixed cost |
给定的固定成本 |
Master budget |
总预算 |
||
Standard cost system |
标准成本制 |
||
Materials price variance |
材料价格差异 |
Materials quantity variance |
材料数量差异 |
Labor rate variance |
人工工资率差异 |
Labor efficiency variance |
人工效率差异 |
Overhead volume variance |
间接费用 |
Overhead spending variance |
间接费用(制造费用)开支差异 |
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